SUMMARY
Dual-use research develops technologies that serve both civilian and military needs — from microchips and artificial intelligence to quantum computing and biotechnology. Sharing innovation across sectors reduces costs and strengthens Europe’s defence readiness.
Civilian and defence research reinforce each other.Military projects often generate civilian spin-offs, while breakthroughs in AI, cybersecurity, space, and advanced materials are quickly adapted for defence. This mutual exchange boosts Europe’s technological leadership, strategic autonomy, and long-term security.
The role of EDA
EDA acts as a bridge between Member States, EU institutions, and European organisations. The Agency supports coherent action on European level and helps coordinate broader efforts that reinforce Europe’s ability to develop and deploy dual-use solutions.
EDA’s Overarching Strategic Research Agenda (OSRA) identifies synergies and links them with relevant European policy initiatives (White Paper for European Defence –
Readiness 2030) or funding programes (
European Defence Fund), supported by the European Commission and other stakeholders.
CapTech Strategic Research and Innovation Agendas (SRIAs) reflect the connections between military and civil programmes and signal the most promising dual-use technologies for defence cooperation.
EXAMPLES
The examples below illustrate how key dual-use technologies directly support defence capability development:
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) & Machine Learning
Artificial intelligence enables autonomous systems, predictive maintenance, enhanced situational awareness, and decision-support tools. It is already used in tactical drones, unmanned ground vehicles, robotic logistics and command-and-control systems. EDA’s Action Plan on Autonomous Systems serves as a key document to coordinate these initiatives.
- Advanced Semiconductors & Microelectronics
As core enablers of most defence systems, semiconductors and microelectronics power modern sensors and radars, guide missile and secure communications.
- Quantum Technologies
As recognised in the Quantum Europe Strategy, quantum technologies offer major dual-use potential useful for defence and national security applications. The technologies trigger strategic interest of governments, armed forces and businesses. Concretely in defence, quantum computing for cryptography, secures communications and quantum sensors enable GPS-independent navigation.
- Biotechnology
Biotechnology supports both CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear) protection and improved health protection, raising the overall level of biosecurity.
- Cybersecurity & Cloud Infrastructure
Secure networks and resilient data exchange are essential for defence operations. Dual-use cloud and communication infrastructure underpins robust command-and-control systems and mission-critical services.
- Space Technologies
Satellite constellations for communications, navigation, and Earth observation are first-hand examples of dual-use systems supporting both civilian services and defence missions.
- Advanced Materials & Manufacturing
Lightweight composites, nanomaterials, and additive manufacturing enable rapid prototyping, more resilient platforms, and improved performance across multiple defence applications.
- Sensors & Internet of Things (IoT)
Dual-use sensors enhance surveillance, situational awareness, and smart infrastructure. They, support both civilian monitoring systems and defence operations.
- Energy Technologies
Innovations in batteries, energy storage, and renewable solutions contribute to more efficient, flexible and sustainable power supply for mobile and deployed armed forces.
With more than two decades of experience, EDA has built strong expertise in dual-use technologies and their contribution to enhance the current and future military capabilities. Through EDA, Member States and European stakeholders can develop these technologies together in a strategic and coordinated manner.